![]() The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.”Įach pair of chromosomes is shaped differently by the location of the centromere and the size of the p and q arms. During the cell division, the chromosomes are visible.Įach chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere from where two arms are formed. Within the nucleus, the DNA strands are tightly packed to form chromosomes. Cell membrane – This is the outer lining of the cell.Lysosomes and peroxisomes – These help in digesting foreign bacteria that invade the cell, rid the cell of toxic substances.These can also float freely in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes – These lie over the ER and process the genetic instructions or the blueprints within the DNA and create new proteins.Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – This helps process the molecules (e.g., proteins) created by the cell.Cytoplasm – This is a jelly-like fluid within the cell in which the other organelles float.Mitochondria – These are the cell's powerhouses and produce energy for the various activities of the cell.It also houses DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Nucleus – This is the central part of the cell that carries the blueprint for the cell functioning and tells the cell when to grow, reproduce and die.Human cells contain the following major parts: After a specific life span, the old cells die off. Cells of various organs vary according to their function.Įach cell contains the hereditary material and can make copies of itself by reproducing and multiplying. The human body is built of billions and trillions of cells. The cell is the basic structure of the body. To understand the exact structure and function of the body, it is essential to know what a cell is and how it is structured. Consequently, DNA can be considered as one of the building blocks of the body. It is located in the nuclei of cells, which make up the body. ![]()
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